1. In 1920 Which Of The Following Changed Its Name To Swarajyasabha God
2. In 1920 Which Of The Following Changed Its Name To Swarajyasabha Time
3. In 1920 Which Of The Following Changed Its Name To Swarajyasabha Love

79) In 1920, which of the following changed its name to “Swarajya Sabha”? (a) All India Home Rule League (b) Hindu Mahasabha (c) South Indian Liberal Federation (d) The Servants of India Society. 80) Which among the following events happened earliest? (a) Swami Dayanand established Arya Samaj. (b) Dinabandhu Mitra wrote Neeldarpan. In 1920, which of the following changed its name to “Swarajya Sabha”? (a) All India Home Rule League (b) Hindu Mahasabha (c) South Indian Liberal Federation (d) The Servants of India Society. Which among the following events happened earliest? (a) Swami Dayanand established AnyaSamaj.

The country known in English as both Myanmar and Burma has undergone changes in both its official and popular names worldwide. The choice of names stems from the existence of two different names for the country in Burmese, which are used in different contexts.

In 1920 Which Of The Following Changed Its Name To Swarajyasabha God

The official English name was changed by the country's government from the 'Union of Burma' to the 'Union of Myanmar' in 1989, and still later to the 'Republic of the Union of Myanmar', which since then has been the subject of controversies and mixed incidences of adoption.

• 1Burmese names
• 2English names
  • 2.2Controversies

Burmese names[edit]

In the Burmese language Myanmar is known as either Myanma (မြန်မာ [mjəmà]MLCTS: mranma) or Bama (ဗမာ [bəmà]MLCTS: ba.ma). Myanma is the written, literary name of the country, while Bama is the spoken name of the country.^[1] Burmese, like Javanese and other languages of Southeast Asia, has different levels of register, with sharp differences between literary and spoken language.^[2]

Both names derive ultimately from the endonym of the largest ethnic group in Burma, the Bamar people, also known as Bama or Burmans in the spoken register and Mranma or Myanma in the literary register. As such, some groups—particularly non-Bamar minorities—consider one or other (or indeed both) names to be exclusionary.

'Bama'[edit]

The colloquial name Bama is supposed to have originated from the name Myanma by shortening of the first syllable, from loss of nasal final 'an' (/-àɴ/), reduced to non-nasal 'a' (/-à/), and loss of 'y' (/-j-/) glide), and then by transformation of 'm' into 'b'. This sound change from 'm' to 'b' is frequent in colloquial Burmese,^{[citation needed]} and occurs in many other words.^[1][3] Although Bamamay be a later transformation of the name Myanma, both names have been in use alongside each other for centuries.^{[citation needed]} King Mindon in the mid-19th century was the first to refer to himself as the king of the 'Myanma people', in an attempt to ethnicise his rule, at a time when his rule was largely confined to the Irrawaddy Valley and the Myanmar ethnic group.^[4]

'Mranma'[edit]

The etymology of Mranma remains unclear.^[5] The 'Bamas' who entered the central Irrawaddy river valley in the 9th century founded the Pagan Kingdom in 849,^[6] and called themselves Mranma.^[7] The earliest record discovered of the word was in a Mon inscription dated 1102, inside which the name was spelled Mirma. The first record of the name in a Burmese inscription is dated 1190, in which inscription the name was spelled Mranma.^[5]

Ma Thanegi records that the first use of the name 'Mranma' for the country is to be found on a 3 feet (91 cm) high stone inscription dated 597 ME (Traditional Burmese calendar) or 1235 CE. The stone is from the reign of Kyaswa, (1234-1250) son of King Htilominlo (Nadaungmya), Bagan. It is written in early Burmese script. Although the middle of the front side of this stone is damaged, the first line of the better-protected reverse side clearly shows မြန်မာပြည် ('Mranma kingdom'). The inscription is known as the 'Yadana Kon Htan Inscription'. At present it is in Bagan recorded as stone number 43 in the Archaeological Department's collection.^[8]

Today in Burmese the name is still spelled Mranma, but over time the 'r' sound disappeared in most dialects of the Burmese language and was replaced by a 'y' glide, so although the name is spelled 'Mranma', it is actually pronounced Myanma.

In the decades preceding independence, independence parties were in search of a name for the new country to be born, which would be made up not only of Burmese-speaking people, but also of many minorities. In the 1920s, some favoured the name Myanma, which had been the name applied to the old Burmese kingdom subjugated by the British in the 19th century. In the 1930s, the left-wing independence parties favoured the name Bama, as they thought this name was more inclusive of minorities than Myanma.^{[citation needed]}

The Burmese puppet state set up by the Japanese occupation forces during the Second World War was officially called Bama. When the Japanese used their own syllabary, they transliterated the three consonants of the Dutch name 'Birma' and ended up with the name Biruma (ビルマ). At the time of independence in 1948, the 'Union of Burma' was the name that was chosen for the new country, being further amended as the 'Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma' in 1974, following a 1962 military coup.

While both the names Bama and Myanma historically referred only to the Burmans and not other ethnic minorities, Burmese governments in the post-independence period have instituted a differentiation of meaning between Myanmar and Bamar in the official Burmese language usage. The name Myanma/Myanmar was expanded to include all citizens of the country while the name Bama/Bamar was kept to its original meaning. Both are widespread use in colloquial usage. Most still use Bamar/Myanmar interchangeably, to refer to the country, depending on the context. Ironically, because of the official renaming of the country, the dominant ethnic group is now known by its colloquial name, Bamar, rather than by its literary name, Myanmar in official Burmese usage.^[2]

English names[edit]

History[edit]

In English, the official name chosen for the country at the time of independence was 'Burma'. This was already the name that the British called their colony before 1948. This name most likely comes from PortugueseBirmania^{[citation needed]} and was adopted by English in the 18th century. The Portuguese name itself came from the Indian name Barma which was borrowed by the Portuguese from any of the Indian languages in the 16th or 17th century. This Indian name Barma may derive from colloquial Burmese Bama, but it may also derive from the Indian name Brahma-desh.

Early usage of the English term Burma varies:

• Bermah (Earliest European maps as old as the 18th century spelled Burma with an 'e'.)
• Birmah (Charles Thomson map of 1827)
• Brama (Thomas Kitchin's map of 1787)
• Burmah (Samuel Dunn's map 1787)
• Burma (Keith Johnson's map 1803)
• Burmah (Eugene William's map, 1883)
• Burma (Common stable spelling used in The Times newspaper.)

In 1989, the military regime of Burma set up a commission in charge of reviewing the place names of Burma in the English language. The aim of the commission was to correct the spelling of the place names of Burma in English, to discard spellings chosen by British colonial authorities in the 19th century, and adopt spellings closer to the actual Burmese pronunciation (compare with what happened in India with Calcutta/Kolkata and Calicut/Kozhikode). These renamings took the form of the 'Adaptation of Expressions Law', passed on 18 June 1989. Thus, for instance, Rangoon was changed to Yangon to reflect the fact that the 'r' sound is no longer used in Standard Burmese and merged with a 'y' glide.^[9]

As for the country's name, the commission decided to replace the English name 'Burma' with 'Myanmar', for three reasons. First, Myanma is the official name of the country in the Burmese language, and the aim of the commission was to have English place names aligned with Burmese place names and pronunciation. Second, the commission thought that the name Myanma was more inclusive of minorities than the name Bama, and wanted the English name of the country to reflect this. Finally, the military regime has long been suspicious^{[citation needed]} of the colloquial Burmese language, which it perceives as subversive; the English name 'Burma' mirrors the colloquial Burmese name Bama.

The final 'r' in the English 'Myanmar' is absent in Burmese Myanma (much as the medial 'r' in 'Burma' is absent in standard Burmese Bama). The commission added a final 'r' in English to represent the low tone of Burmese, in which the word Myanma is pronounced. In the low tone, the final vowel 'a' is lengthened. The commission was influenced by Received Pronunciation and other non-rhoticEnglish English dialects, in which 'ar' (without a following vowel) is also pronounced as long 'a' (often given as 'ah' in American English). However, in variants of English in which final 'r' is pronounced, such as standard American English, adding this final 'r' leads to a pronunciation very different from the Burmese pronunciation.

Controversies[edit]

In the Burmese language, there have been controversies about the name of the country since the 1930s, and the decision of the regime in 1989 carried the controversy into the English language. The regime believes that Myanma is more inclusive of minorities than Bama, while opponents point out that historically, Myanma is only a more literary version of Bama.

Quite the opposite of being more inclusive, opposition parties and human rights groups contend that the new English name 'Myanmar' is actually disrespectful of the minorities of Burma. Minorities, many of whom do not speak Burmese, had become accustomed to the English name 'Burma' over the years, and they perceive the new name 'Myanmar' as a purely Burmese name reflecting the policy of domination of the ethnic Burman majority over the minorities.

The regime changed the name of the country in English; it did not change the official name of the country in Burmese. Former opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi at first opposed the new name 'Myanmar', pointing out the hypocritical justification of inclusivity put forward by the regime. Opposition parties, although they oppose the English name 'Myanmar', do not oppose the official Burmese name Myanma, and no opposition party is proposing to use the colloquial name Bama as the official name of the country.

Finally, a lot of criticism also focused on the lack of linguistic soundness of the reform. Only four language scholars sat in the 1989 commission, while the majority of the commission was made up of military officials and civil servants with no particular knowledge of linguistics. The new names adopted often lacked serious linguistic credibility, and some appear questionable (the final 'r' at the end of the name Myanmar makes sense only for a speaker of a non-rhotic dialect of English).

Adoption[edit]

Since the 1989 decision to change the English name from 'Burma' to 'Myanmar', adoption of the new name in the English-speaking world has been mixed. Use of 'Burma' has remained widespread, largely based on the question of whether the regime has the legitimacy to change the country's name, particularly without a referendum.^[9]

The United Nations, of which Myanmar is a member, endorsed the name change five days after its announcement.^[10] However, the United States^[11] and the United Kingdom^[12] still refer to the country as 'Burma'. The United States government attributes its choice to support for the party deemed to have won the 1990 election, but been denied power by the junta. That party opposes the new name.^[13]

Following the 2011–2012 democratic reforms in Burma, politicians started using 'Myanmar' more frequently.^[14] The British government also cites the elected party's preference in its statement on its choice of name.^[15] A spokesman for the Department of Foreign Affairs in Canada said that his government's choice was 'in support of the struggle for democracy'.^[10] Others, including the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the governments of China, India, Japan,^[16]Germany,^[17], Australia^[18], Canada^[19] and Russia recognise 'Myanmar' as the official name.

During the 2005 ASEAN summit in Thailand, the Foreign Minister Nyan Win complained about the US insistence of calling his country 'Burma' instead of 'Myanmar' as it was renamed more than a decade ago.^[20] In January 2011, during the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) of the country at the United Nations, the delegate of Myanmar interrupted the delegate of the United States, who had begun her comments on human rights in Myanmar by 'welcom[ing] the Burmese delegation to the UPR working group'. Myanmar's delegate insisted that the American delegation should use the name 'Myanmar', and appealed to the session's president to enforce that rule. The latter commented that 'we're here to discuss human rights in Myanmar, we're not here to discuss the name of the country', and asked the American delegation to use Myanmar's official, UN-recognised name. The American delegate continued her comments on human rights violations in Myanmar, without using either name for the country.^[21] On 19 November 2012, US President Barack Obama, accompanied by Secretary of State Hillary Clinton on her second visit to the country, referred to the nation as both Myanmar and Burma.^[22]

Media usage is also mixed. In spite of the usage by the US government, American news outlets including The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The International Herald Tribune and CNN, and US-based international news agencies the Associated Press and Reuters have adopted the name 'Myanmar'. Others have continued to use 'Burma',^[17] some of whom have switched to using 'Myanmar' years after the name change, such as the Financial Times,^[23] citing increasing international acceptance of the new name. The BBC changed to using 'Myanmar' in 2014.^[24][25]

Some other sources, including NPR in the US use terms such as 'Myanmar, also known as Burma'.^[26]

Another approach taken by some historians is to continue to use the name 'Burma' for describing the history of the country prior to the 1988 military coup and 'Myanmar' from there on. This also contravenes the intentions of the government, whose naming reform in 1989 was to apply to the entire history of the country. Those using this approach argue that it is the most politically neutral option.^[27]

In June 2014, the Australian government, led by Prime Minister Tony Abbott, continued a long-running discussion on the manner in which Australian officials would refer to the Southeast Asian nation. While Burma was the formal title used by the Australian government, the Labor government revised the national name to the Union of Myanmar in 2012. However, the matter has resurfaced, as the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) reverted to the former title under Abbott's leadership in late 2013. A reason for the change has not appeared in the media, but, as of June 2014, the Abbott government's policy advises officials to switch between Burma and Myanmar, in accordance with the circumstances at hand. DFAT secretary Peter Varghese explained to the media: 'Our ambassador to Myanmar would be our ambassador to Myanmar, because the country to which she [Brontë Moules] is accredited is Myanmar, in the eyes of the government of Myanmar.'^[28]

In April 2016, soon after taking office, Aung San Suu Kyi clarified that foreigners are free to use either name, 'because there is nothing in the constitution of our country that says that you must use any term in particular'.^[29]

Adjectival forms and demonyms[edit]

In Burmese, the word Myanma, when used as a noun, is pronounced in the low tone (long 'a', Okell: Myañma/Myăma), whereas when used as an adjective, it is pronounced in the creaky tone (short 'a') as if it were spelt 'မြန်မ' or 'မြန်မာ့' (MLCTS: mranma., Okell: Myañmá/Myămá).^{[citation needed]} To reflect this, in the 1989 government renaming the adjectival form of the country's name 'Myanmar' is formed by dropping the final 'r' to get 'Myanma' (since the final 'r' indicates lengthening in Oxford English).

Most people, even in Burma, are unaware of these subtleties, as it occurs only in the spoken language and the spelling 'မြန်မ' is not mandatory. Thus we find both 'Myanma Airways' (correct spelling) and 'Myanmar Airways' (incorrect spelling, but used officially and recognised anyway). Some English speakers have even coined the adjective 'Myanmarese' or 'Myanmese', to follow English rather than Burmese grammatical rules. These adjectives are not recommended as most natives of Myanmar preferred to be called either the old way of 'Burmese', 'Myanmar', or 'Myanma' representing the many diverse races in the country.

According to the renaming, the name of the dominant ethnicity of Burma, whose people speak the Burmese language, is 'Bamar' (again, final 'r' only added to denote a long 'a' in Burmese). Thus, Myanmar is a country inhabited by the Bamars plus many minorities; and the Bamars and minorities are collectively known as Myanma people.^{[citation needed]}

While use of the name 'Myanmar' is widespread and rivals the use of 'Burma', adoption of adjectival forms has been far more limited; in general, terms in use before 1989 have persisted. Citizens of Burma, regardless their ethnicity, are known as 'Burmese', while the dominant ethnicity is called 'Burman'. The language of the Burmans, however, is known as the Burmese language, not as the Burman language, although confusingly enough the 'Burmese' language is considered one of the Tibeto-'Burman' languages.^{[citation needed]}

Other languages[edit]

In Chinese, the name appeared for the first time in 1273 and was recorded as 緬 (pronounced 'Miǎn' in Mandarin).^[5] The present name in the Chinese is 緬甸 (pronounced Miǎndiàn). The Vietnamese (Miến Điện) is derived from the same term.

In Japan, although the Japanese government's basic position is to use Myanmā (ミャンマー), often media organisations indicate Biruma (ビルマ) in parentheses afterwards. Biruma may be used more often in the spoken language, while Myanmā is more common in written language. Popular Japanese fictional works such as The Burmese Harp (Biruma no tategoto) mean that the name Biruma may have more of an emotional resonance to readers.^[30] Historically Japan used the Chinese characters of 'Menden' (緬甸) to refer to Burma. This form remains in contemporary usage in abbreviations; for example, the World War II-era Burma-Thailand Railway is still referred to almost exclusively as the Tai-Men Tetsudō (泰緬鉄道).

The Indian (and sometimes used in Bangladesh) name for Myanmar is 'Brahmadesh' or 'Brahmavarta' (Sanskrit: ब्रह्मादेश/ब्रह्मावर्त) which means 'land of Brahma'.

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abAccording to the Scottish orientalist Henry Yule (Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and discursive, London, 1886 (new edition edited by William Crooke, London, 1903), p.131) the term Myanma, for example, comes from Mran-mâ, the national name of the Burmese people, which is pronounced Bam-mâ by Burmeses themselves, except when speaking in formal or emphatic way. Cited in Franco Maria Messina, Quale nome per la Birmania?, Indiamirabilis, (in Italian), 2009.
2. ^ ^abAmmon, Ulrich (2004). Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society. Volume 3/3 (2nd ed.). Walter de Gruyter. p. 2012. ISBN3-11-018418-4. Retrieved 2 July 2008.
3. ^The Italian linguist Franco Maria Messina writes about it: «The Burmese language, the language spoken by the Bama people, presents the linguistic phenomenon known as diglossia: that is to say that two languages coexist in one, a high language, 'H', and a low, spoken, more popular, language, 'L'. The first one is just used in religious ceremonies and in written official documents, while the second is in use every day». See Franco Maria Messina, Quale nome per la Birmania?, Indiamirabilis, (in Italian), 2009.
4. ^Myint-U, Thant (2001). The Making of Modern Burma. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. ISBN0-521-79914-7.
5. ^ ^abcHall, DGE (1960). 'Pre-Pagan Burma'. Burma (3 ed.). p. 13.
6. ^Victor B Lieberman (2003). Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800-1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland. Cambridge University Press. pp. 88–112. ISBN978-0-521-80496-7.
7. ^Thant Myint-U (2006). The River of Lost Footsteps--Histories of Burma. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 56. ISBN978-0-374-16342-6.
8. ^Ma Thanegi (2011), p. 97.
9. ^ ^abHoutman, Gustaaf (1999). Mental culture in Burmese crisis politics. ILCAA Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa Monograph Series No. 33. Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa. pp. 43–54. ISBN978-4-87297-748-6.
10. ^ ^abScrivener, Leslie (6 October 2007). 'The Burma question'. TheStar.com.
11. ^'U.S. Embassy in Burma'. U.S. Embassy in Burma. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
12. ^'British Embassy Rangoon - GOV.UK'. www.gov.uk. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
13. ^Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs (December 2007). 'Background Note: Burma'. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 8 June 2008.
14. ^Roughneen, Simon (22 January 2012). 'Is it 'Burma' or 'Myanmar'? US officials start shifting'. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
15. ^Foreign and Commonwealth Office (3 June 2008). 'Country Profile: Burma'. Archived from the original on 20 July 2008. Retrieved 8 June 2008.
16. ^Dittmer, Lowell (2010). Burma Or Myanmar? The Struggle for National Identity. World Scientific. p. 2. ISBN9789814313643.
17. ^ ^ab'Burma vs. Myanmar: What's in a Name'. Deutsche Welle. 1 October 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2008.
18. ^Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 'Australian Embassy in Myanmar'. myanmar.embassy.gov.au. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
19. ^Government of Canada, Global Affairs Canada. 'Embassy of Canada to Myanmar, in Yangon'. GAC. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
20. ^'Myanmar foreign minister protests U.S. use of name 'Burma''. Crisscross News. 1 August 2005. Archived from the original on 1 August 2004. Retrieved 8 June 2008.
21. ^[rtsp://webcast.un.org/ondemand/conferences/unhrc/upr/10th/hrc110127am1-eng.rm?start=01:54:41&end=01:58:26 United States intervention]^{[permanent dead link]} during the Universal Periodic Review of Myanmar, January 2011
22. ^'Burma or Myanmar? Obama calls it both on visit'(News & blogging). Asian Correspondent. Bristol, England: Hybrid News Limited. Associated Press. 19 November 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2012. YANGON, Burma (AP) — Officially at least, America still calls this Southeast Asian nation Burma, the favored appellation of dissidents and pro-democracy activists who opposed the former military junta’s move to summarily change its name 23 years ago.
23. ^'Over to Myanmar'. Financial Times. 5 January 2012. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
24. ^'Myanmar profile'. BBC. 16 May 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
25. ^Jon Williams (14 June 2012). 'Burma: What's in a name?'. BBC. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
26. ^Memmott, Mark (2 December 2012). 'Why Burma? Why Myanmar? Why Both?'. The Two-Way: NPR's News Blog. NPR. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
27. ^Steinberg, David I. (2001). Burma: The State of Myanmar. Georgetown University Press. p. xi. ISBN0-87840-893-2. Retrieved 3 July 2008.
28. ^'Confusion remains about Burma name change'. News.com.au. News Limited. 4 June 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2014.
29. ^South China Morning post, What's in a name? Not much, according to Aung San Suu Kyi, who tells diplomats they can use Myanmar or Burma, Saturday, 23 April, 2016
30. ^Kumano, Shin'ichirō (6 February 2012). 'ミャンマー、知って損はない6のキホン'. Nikkei Business Weekly. Retrieved 28 February 2012.

Further reading[edit]

• Thanegi, Ma (2011). Defiled on the Ayeyarwaddy: One Woman's Mid-Life Travel Adventures on Myanmar's Great River. ThingsAsian Press, San Francisco. ISBN978-1-934159-24-8.

External links[edit]

• Aung, Kyaw Zaw (19 June 2012). 'The Origin Of The Word 'MYANMAR''. Enchanting Myanmar. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
• Tye, Timothy. 'Asia Travel Guides'. AsiaExplorers. Archived from Information on Burma and the name change the original Check url= value (help) on 12 March 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
• Lintner, Bertil (19 December 1999). 'Myanmar, bama, oh heck, simply Burma'. The Nation. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
• 'Hobson-Jobson Dictionary entry on Burma'. University of Chicago. p. 131. Archived from the original on 10 December 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
• Joel (30 September 2007). 'Etymologically, Myanmar = Burma: Round Two'. Far Outliers. Retrieved 9 March 2014.

In 1920 Which Of The Following Changed Its Name To Swarajyasabha Time

The Bolsheviks changed their name to Communists. After theOctober Revolution at their Seventh Party Congress in March 1918,they formally changed the name of the party to the CommunistParty.

When did the Bolsheviks change their name?

In March 1918 at their Seventh Party Congress, the Bolsheviks changed their name to the Communist Party and called themselves Communists from then on.

Bolsheviks are another name for what?

Bolsheviks are another name for Communists. Actually Bolsheviks was their name prior to March 1918 when they changed it to Communists.

What are the Bolsheviks called now?

The Bolsheviks are now called Communists, if they are still in business. The Bolsheviks changed their name to Communists in March 1918.

Why did the Bolsheviks change their name to the communists?

After the Bolsheviks gained control of Russia, they changed their name to the All-Russian Communist Party, although the name Bolshevik was still used to refer to the party. They wanted to differentiate themselves from other socialist groups, so they used the term communist to set them apart.

What is Bolsheviks in Russia?

The Bolsheviks supported a small number of committed revolutionaries willing to sacrifice everything for radical change.

What was the Bolsheviks' new name after they seized power?

The Communists was the Bolsheviks new name after seizing power in 1917. In March 1918 the officially changed the name.

How did the Bolsheviks plan to change Russian society?

The Bolsheviks planned to abolish private property and establish what was social equality, in their view.

What was the new name of Bolsheviks after they seized power?

After the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia in 1917, they changed their name to the Communist Party in March 1918.

The new name for the Bolsheviks after the Russian Revolution was?

The new name for the Bolsheviks was 'Communists,' which was adopted at the Bolshevik's Seventh Party Congress in March 1918.

What were the Bolsheviks really called?

They really were called 'Bolsheviks' until about March 1918 when they changed their name to Communists.

What was the original name of the communists?

'Bolsheviks' was the original name of the Communists.

New name for the Bolsheviks after they seized power?

After seizing power, the Bolsheviks became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

What was the new name the Bolsheviks gave Russia?

The Bolsheviks renamed Russia the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic in 1918.

Which name did Lenin's followers adopt?

The name of the followers of Lenin was 'Bolsheviks' to be distinguished from the opposing group known as the 'Mensheviks.' Both groups were factions of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Party, but the Bolsheviks wanted more radical changes than the Mensheviks. After the Revolution, the Bolsheviks changed their name to the Communist Party.

What is the phobia name for Fear of Bolsheviks?

The accepted phobia name for this condition is Bolshephobia.

Why did Russia change from capitalist to communist?

Russia change from capitalism to communist during the Russia revolution. the war between the red(Bolsheviks) army and the white army(democrat,tsarist imperial army, mensheviks, and other who were against the Bolsheviks). the Bolsheviks won the war then rename themselves communists and soon would became rulers of Russia.

What were the Bolsheviks later called?

Bolsheviks were later called Communists. After their Seventh Party Congress in March 1918, they adopted the name Communist Party in place of the name Bolshevik Party. From then on, they called themselves Communists.

Who took over Russia after the Russian Civil War?

The Bolsheviks under Vladimir Lenin took over Russia after its civil war. The Bolsheviks later changed their name to Communists.

Did Coolidge lead the Bolsheviks?

No, Calvin Coolidge did not lead the Bolsheviks. Vladimir Lenin led the Bolsheviks.

Who were Russian revolutionaries who took control of the government in November 1917 and pledged to make peace with Germany?

Bolsheviks, who took over in the Russian October Revolution of 1917. a very bad group indeed. Bolsheviks Bolsheviks Bolsheviks Bolsheviks

What were the Bolsheviks considered?

The Bolsheviks were radical Marxist revolutionaries.

Who were the opponents of the Bolsheviks?

The political opponents of the Bolsheviks were the Mensheviks.

What was the new name of the Russian socialist revolutionaries in 1922?

By 1922, the Russian socialist revolutionaries who had taken over Russia were known as 'Communists.' They had been the 'Bolsheviks' until they held their Seventh Party Congress in March 1918 and adopted the name Communists. There had been other revolutionary parties, (one was the 'Social Revolutionaries') besides the Bolsheviks, but the Bolsheviks were the only ones that survived until 1922.

How did the Bolsheviks change Russia into a communist country?

Even after the Czar had abdicated, an a democratic government had been formed, Lenin and the Bolsheviks continued to undermine the unstable new government, leading to further instability until the people overthrew the new government. The Bolsheviks then seized power, but had to fight a bloody civil war before consolidating control.

Why did Russia change into the Soviet Union?

'Russia' did not simply change into the 'Soviet Union.' After the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks changed the name of Russia to the 'Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic.' The new Russia then joined with the Ukraine, Belorussia and the Transcaucasus Federation and together they became the Soviet Union.

What happened to the Bolsheviks?

The Bolsheviks became the communist party in the USSR

In 1920 Which Of The Following Changed Its Name To Swarajyasabha Love

What was the former name of the Bolsheviks?

Bolshevik was the first name of the political party headed by Vladimir Lenin and formed in 1903. Prior to 1903, the Bolsheviks were members of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. Subsequent to the October Revolution in 1917, the renamed themselves the Communist Party.

What leader did the Bolsheviks overthrow?

The Bolsheviks overthrew Alexander Kerensky, the leader of the Russian provisional Government. The Bolsheviks never overthrew the Tsar himself since he had already been forced to abdicate before the Bolsheviks took power. The Bolsheviks did murder the Tsar and all his family.

What was Joseph Stalin's relationship with Vladimir Lenin?

Joseph Stalin was a part of the Bolsheviks, whereas Lenin himself was the Bolsheviks leader. They fought to change Russia too the Soviet Union. They eventually succeeded. This was part of the Russian Revolution. Hope this helps! :)

Who were the blosheviks?

The Bolsheviks were a group of people in the soviets who thought that the Russian Revolution needed to be violent for it to be effective. The name Bolsheviks was changed to Communists after they had taken over and turned Russia into a Communist State. Hope this helps - K

When did the Bolsheviks revolution start?

the party in which the Bolsheviks revolution started was from Lenin

What did The Bolsheviks rename themselves?

The Bolsheviks renamed themselves the Communist Party.

What team color were the Bolsheviks?

The team color for the Petrograd Bolsheviks was red.

What did the Bolsheviks become?

The Bolsheviks became the Communist Party in March 1918.

What group did Vladimir Lenin represent?

Lenin represented the Bolsheviks. After they succeeded in the Revolution, they changed their name to Communists.

The Bolsheviks under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin were also known as?

The Bolsheviks were also known as 'Communists' but not until the Seventh Party Congress of the Bolshevik Party in March 1918, when the party officially changed its name from Bolshevik to Communist.

Does the word bolshy originate from the bolsheviks?

Yes, the word 'bolshy' does originate from the 'bolsheviks'.

Who led the Bolsheviks in Russia?

Vladimir Lenin led the Bolsheviks to victory in Russia.